Natural and man-made geography exerts its influence on warfare, determining the passage of whole armies and fleets, sometimes allowing a single soldier to hold up an entire host.

Theme: the role of geography in ancient warfare

• Robert C.L. Holmes, 'Geography and war in the ancient world - Dictating destiny'.
• Sean Manning, 'Kaneš to Kayseri in 4,000 years - Passes of the Anti-Taurus'.
• Robert C.L. Holmes, 'Urban warfare in Alexandria, 48-47 BC - Blood in the streets'.
• Evan Schultheis, 'The terrain of the Catalaunian Fields - "I have the high ground!"'.

Features:

• Jon Coulston, 'Waging war in the archaeological record, part II - Open conflict'.
• Graham Wrightson, 'Combined arms in ancient Greece - Beginnings of integrated warfare'.
• Boris Dreyer, 'A scientific adventure - Testing a F.A.N. theory'.
• Murray Dahm, 'Sending a slingshot message - "Take this!"'.
• Tacticus, 'Taktikè Technè, part XI - Phormio and "fast triereis"'.
• Duncan B. Campbell, 'Staff officers of the Roman army - the beneficiarii'.