Massive wars require massive manpower, so many ancient rulers chose to strengthen their armies by bringing in soldiers-for-hire. Oftentimes, these mercenaries were experienced warriors, fighting in every corner of the Mediterranean and being handsomely rewarded for their value on the battlefield.

Theme: War as a livelihood - Mercenaries in the Ancient World

• Michael Taylor, 'Introduction to the theme'
• Duncan Campbell, 'Theatre of War'
• Bridget McDermott, 'Soldiers of Ta-Sety '
• Joseph Pietrykowski, 'Generals for hire'
• Ruben Post, 'Mercenaries from Crete'
• Paul Bardunias, 'The battle of the Bagradas'
• Alberto Pérez, 'Galatian Mercenaries'
• Ross Cowan, 'Mercenaries in Imperial Rome'

Features

• Murray Dahm, 'Learning from Vegetius'